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Rev_Dig_Excretory

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
 

1. 
A fatty acid that has as many hydrogen atoms as possible is called a saturated fatty acid.
 

2. 
Proteins consist of many simple sugars bonded together.
 

3. 
Carbohydrates are obtained mostly from oils, margarine, and butter.
 

4. 
According to most authorities, a well-balanced diet has more fat than protein.
 

5. 
Proteins are the body’s main source of fuel.
 

6. 
The liver stores fat-soluble nutrients and regulates the levels of food molecules in the blood.
 

7. 
The liver is part of the digestive system.
 

8. 
In the first stage of digestion, proteins are broken down by pepsins in the stomach.
 

9. 
Bile is a chemical secreted by the small intestine.
 

10. 
Almost all lipids are digested in the small intestine.
 

11. 
Some nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine but its main function is to re-absorb water.
 

12. 
Urea is a highly toxic nitrogenous waste.
 

13. 
The skin can be considered an excretory organ.
 

14. 
The kidneys filter out toxins, urea, water, and mineral salts from the blood.
 

15. 
The functional units of the kidneys are called nephrons.
 

16. 
The first stage of urine formation is called reabsorption.
 

17. 
Nitrogenous waste is removed from the blood by a process called filtration.
 

18. 
The ureter is a muscular sac that stores urine.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

19. 
Nutrients provide the body with the energy and materials it needs for
a.
growth.
c.
repair.
b.
maintenance.
d.
All of the above
 

20. 
All essential amino acids
a.
must be obtained from the foods we eat.
b.
are made in our body.
c.
are found in gelatin.
d.
None of the above
 

21. 
carbohydrates : energy ::
a.
fats : bone
c.
fats : protein
b.
amino acids : enzymes
d.
fats : muscle
 

22. 
Vitamin K
a.
is stored in fatty tissue.
c.
is found in green, leafy vegetables.
b.
assists with blood clotting.
d.
All of the above
 

23. 
Vitamins are organic compounds that
a.
help activate enzymes during chemical reactions.
b.
provide energy for metabolism.
c.
help form cell membranes.
d.
are not obtained from food.
 

24. 
Excessive amounts of vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K
a.
lead to excellent health.
b.
can be harmful.
c.
present no problem since they are not stored in the body.
d.
prevent beriberi.
 

25. 
Brain cells and red blood cells receive most of their energy directly from
a.
proteins.
c.
glucose.
b.
cellulose.
d.
deoxyribose.
 

26. 
Most of the body’s energy needs should be supplied by dietary
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
vitamins.
b.
fats.
d.
proteins.
 

27. 
The first portion of the small intestine is the
a.
colon.
c.
duodenum.
b.
esophagus.
d.
rectum.
 

28. 
The pharynx is
a.
located in the colon.
c.
also called the voice box.
b.
located in the back of the throat.
d.
None of the above
 

29. 
The function of the digestive system is to
a.
chemically break down food.
c.
absorb nutrient materials.
b.
mechanically break apart food.
d.
All of the above
 

30. 
small intestine : large intestine ::
a.
large intestine : small intestine
c.
esophagus : stomach
b.
stomach : large intestine
d.
small intestine : esophagus
 
 
      rev_dig_excret_files/i0330000.jpg
 

31. 
Refer to the illustration above. What is the name of structure “5”?
a.
liver
c.
duodenum
b.
stomach
d.
ileum
 

32. 
Refer to the illustration above. Most of the end products of digestion are absorbed into the circulatory system from which structure?
a.
structure “1”
c.
structure “3”
b.
structure “2”
d.
structure “4”
 

33. 
Chemical digestion occurs as a result of the action of
a.
hydrochloric acid.
c.
salivary amylase
b.
pepsin.
d.
All of the above
 

34. 
The wavelike contractions of muscle that move food through the digestive system are called
a.
peristalsis.
c.
mechanical digestion.
b.
voluntary contractions.
d.
involuntary digestion.
 

35. 
Enzymes in saliva begin the chemical digestion of
a.
fat.
c.
carbohydrates.
b.
protein.
d.
vitamins.
 

36. 
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach begin the digestion of
a.
protein.
c.
fats.
b.
starch.
d.
carbohydrates.
 

37. 
Bile
a.
breaks down globules of fat into tiny droplets.
b.
is stored in the liver.
c.
is produced by the gall bladder.
d.
All of the above
 

38. 
Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids by
a.
emulsifiers.
c.
sphincters.
b.
amylases.
d.
lipases.
 

39. 
Most enzymes and chemicals secreted by the upper end of the small intestine come from
a.
villi.
c.
the liver and pancreas.
b.
saliva.
d.
the large intestine.
 

40. 
pancreas : enzymes for small intestine ::
a.
stomach : saliva
c.
liver : bile
b.
stomach : proteins from amino acids
d.
liver : hydrochloric acid
 
 
      rev_dig_excret_files/i0440000.jpg
 

41. 
Refer to the illustration above. Structure “A” in the diagram is a
a.
villus.
c.
ureter.
b.
nephron.
d.
urethra.
 

42. 
Refer to the illustration above. This structure is found in the
a.
kidney.
c.
small intestine.
b.
esophagus.
d.
tongue.
 

43. 
Refer to the illustration above. This structure allows for an increase in
a.
nutrient absorption area.
c.
acid production.
b.
mechanical digestion.
d.
bile production.
 

44. 
The villi of the small intestine increases
a.
surface area
c.
acid production.
b.
cellulose digestion.
d.
bile production.
 

45. 
Urea is formed in the
a.
cells.
c.
kidneys.
b.
lungs.
d.
liver.
 

46. 
Because of their crucial function, kidneys receive large amounts of
a.
food.
c.
oxygen.
b.
blood.
d.
carbon dioxide.
 

47. 
The kidneys play a major role in maintaining
a.
the proper breathing rate.
b.
the proper glucose levels in the blood.
c.
homeostasis by removing urea, water, and other wastes from the blood.
d.
the concentration of digestive enzymes in the blood.
 

48. 
The basic functional unit of the kidney is the
a.
villus.
c.
ureter.
b.
nephron.
d.
urethra.
 
 
rev_dig_excret_files/i0530000.jpg
 

49. 
Refer to the illustration above. The structure shown in the diagram is known as a
a.
villus.
c.
ureter.
b.
nephron.
d.
urethra.
 

50. 
Refer to the illustration above. At the location labeled “B,”
a.
filtration is taking place.
b.
water and solutes are moving back into the blood.
c.
red blood cells are moving out of the blood.
d.
red blood cells are forced back into the blood.
 

51. 
Refer to the illustration above. The structure shown in the diagram is the basic unit of the
a.
esophagus.
c.
kidney.
b.
pancreas.
d.
liver.
 

52. 
The filtrate removed from the blood by the kidneys might contain
a.
salts,  glucose, and urea.
b.
ammonia, red blood cells, and minerals.
c.
fat, urea, and water.
d.
salts, urea, and plasma.
 

53. 
Urine, when compared with the initial filtrate, contains
a.
more glucose.
b.
less water, fewer minerals, and more urea.
c.
decomposed red blood cells.
d.
concentrated amino acids.
 

54. 
The first stage of urine formation is called
a.
filtration.
c.
reabsorption.
b.
bladder inflation.
d.
nephrosis.
 

55. 
Which of the following filtrates is not reabsorbed in significant quantities back into the bloodstream by the nephrons?
a.
glucose
c.
urea
b.
ions
d.
water
 

56. 
Urine leaves the body through the
a.
ureter.
c.
bladder.
b.
urethra.
d.
intestine.
 

57. 
ureter : urinary bladder ::
a.
urinary bladder : ureter
c.
urinary bladder : urethra
b.
urethra : urinary bladder
d.
Loop of Henle : vena cava
 



 
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